@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix obo_purl: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix metadata_def: <http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/def/> . @prefix metadata: <http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/> . @prefix ns0: <(forall\u0020(x)\u0020(if\u0020(FiatObjectPart\u0020x)\u0020(and\u0020(MaterialEntity\u0020x)\u0020(forall\u0020(t)\u0020(if\u0020(existsAt\u0020x\u0020t)\u0020(exists\u0020(y)\u0020(and\u0020(Object\u0020y)\u0020(properContinuantPartOfAt\u0020x\u0020y\u0020t))))))))\u0020//> . obo_purl:BFO_0000024 metadata_def:mappingLoom "fiatobjectpart" ; metadata_def:mappingSameURI obo_purl:BFO_0000024 ; metadata_def:prefLabel "fiat object part" ; metadata:prefixIRI "BFO:0000024" ; obo_purl:BFO_0000179 "fiat-object-part" ; obo_purl:BFO_0000180 "FiatObjectPart" ; obo_purl:IAO_0000112 "or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29"@en, "the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body."@en, "the Western hemisphere of the Earth"@en, "the division of the brain into regions"@en, "the division of the planet into hemispheres"@en, "the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body"@en, "the upper and lower lobes of the left lung"@en ; obo_purl:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions"@en ; obo_purl:IAO_0000600 "b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])"@en ; obo_purl:IAO_0000602 "(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] " ; a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl> ; rdfs:label "fiat object"@en, "fiat object part"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf obo_purl:BFO_0000040 . obo_purl:ENVO_00010483 rdfs:subClassOf obo_purl:BFO_0000024 . obo_purl:ENVO_01000813 rdfs:subClassOf obo_purl:BFO_0000024 .