MESH:D004703

FMA:9668

SCTID:278876000

VHOG:0000098

ZFA:0001158

UMLS:C0014136

AAO:0010279

EFO:0002969

GAID:439

TAO:0001158

Wikipedia:Endocrine_system

XAO:0000158

CALOHA:TS-1301

EMAPA:35306

NCIT:C12705

FBbt:00005068

EV:0100128

MA:0000012

EHDAA2:0002224

Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.

UBERON:0000949

endocrine system

systema endocrinum

endocrine glandular system

uberon

Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO]

UBERON:0000949

Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG]

endocrine

endocrine system